1. What is the Perfect Gas Law?

The Ideal Gas Law (PV = nRT) relates the pressure (P), volume (V), amount of substance (n), and temperature (T) of an ideal gas. It combines Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, Avogadro's Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law into one fundamental equation.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Ideal Gas Law equation:

Where:

• \( P \) — Pressure (Pascals)
• \( V \) — Volume (cubic meters)
• \( n \) — Amount of substance (moles)
• \( R \) — Universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K)
• \( T \) — Temperature (Kelvin)

Explanation: The equation shows the relationship between four state variables of a hypothetical ideal gas.

3. Importance of the Gas Law

Details: The ideal gas law is fundamental in thermodynamics and provides a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions, though it has limitations at high pressures and low temperatures.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter any three known variables to calculate the fourth. All values must be positive numbers in the correct units.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is an ideal gas?
A: An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that interact only through elastic collisions.

Q2: When does the ideal gas law fail?
A: At high pressures or low temperatures where intermolecular forces and molecular volume become significant.

Q3: What is the value of R in other units?
A: R = 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K or 62.36 L·torr/mol·K for different unit combinations.

Q4: How to convert Celsius to Kelvin?
A: K = °C + 273.15. The calculator requires temperature in Kelvin.

Q5: What are real-world applications?
A: Used in engineering calculations, weather forecasting, and understanding thermodynamic processes.