1. What is Water Hardness?

Water hardness is a measure of the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water. These minerals are naturally dissolved as water moves through soil and rock. Hardness affects water quality and its interaction with soaps and detergents.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the simple formula:

Where:

• \( \text{Ca}^{2+} \) — Calcium ion concentration (ppm)
• \( \text{Mg}^{2+} \) — Magnesium ion concentration (ppm)

Explanation: The total hardness is simply the sum of calcium and magnesium concentrations, typically measured in parts per million (ppm).

3. Importance of Water Hardness

Details: Proper water hardness is crucial for pool maintenance. Too soft water can be corrosive, while too hard water can cause scaling. Ideal range is typically 200-400 ppm for pools.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter calcium and magnesium concentrations in ppm (parts per million). Values must be non-negative numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between temporary and permanent hardness?
A: Temporary hardness is caused by bicarbonate compounds and can be removed by boiling. Permanent hardness is caused by sulfates/chlorides and requires other treatment methods.

Q2: What are typical hardness ranges?
A: Soft water: 0-60 ppm, Moderately hard: 61-120 ppm, Hard: 121-180 ppm, Very hard: >180 ppm.

Q3: How does hardness affect pool maintenance?
A: High hardness can cause scaling on surfaces and equipment. Low hardness can corrode metal fixtures and plaster surfaces.

Q4: How often should I test pool hardness?
A: Monthly testing is recommended, or after significant water addition (from rain or refilling).

Q5: How do I adjust pool hardness?
A: To increase hardness, add calcium chloride. To decrease hardness, partially drain and refill with softer water.