1. What is Atomic Structure?

Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons defines the element (atomic number), while the sum of protons and neutrons gives the mass number. This calculator helps determine the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses these fundamental atomic equations:

Where:

• Atomic Number — Number of protons (defines the element)
• Mass Number — Sum of protons and neutrons
• Protons — Positively charged particles in nucleus
• Neutrons — Neutral particles in nucleus

Explanation: The atomic number is unique to each element, while the mass number can vary (isotopes) for the same element.

3. Importance of Atomic Structure

Details: Understanding the composition of atoms is fundamental to chemistry and physics. The number of neutrons affects nuclear stability and isotopic properties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the atomic number (1-118) and mass number (must be ≥ atomic number). The calculator will determine protons and neutrons.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between mass number and atomic weight?
A: Mass number is the count of protons + neutrons in a specific atom. Atomic weight is the weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes.

Q2: Can neutrons be zero?
A: Only for hydrogen-1 (protium), which has 1 proton and 0 neutrons. All other elements have at least 1 neutron.

Q3: How do isotopes affect these calculations?
A: Isotopes have the same atomic number (protons) but different mass numbers (neutrons). This calculator works for any isotope.

Q4: What about electrons?
A: In neutral atoms, electrons equal protons. This calculator focuses on nuclear composition (protons + neutrons).

Q5: Why is atomic number limited to 1-118?
A: These are the currently known and named elements. Higher atomic numbers may exist but are theoretical or very short-lived.