1. What is Saponification Value?

The Saponification Value (SV) is the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify 1 gram of fat or oil under specified conditions. It's an important parameter in lipid analysis and soap manufacturing.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Saponification Value formula:

Where:

• \( V_b \) — Blank titration volume (mL)
• \( V_s \) — Sample titration volume (mL)
• \( N \) — Normality of HCl solution (M)
• \( m \) — Mass of the sample (g)
• 56.1 — Molecular weight of KOH (mg/mmol)

Explanation: The formula calculates the amount of KOH needed to neutralize the fatty acids in a given mass of sample.

3. Importance of SV Calculation

Details: SV helps determine the average molecular weight of fats/oils, assess purity, and calculate the amount of alkali needed for complete saponification in soap making.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all volumes in mL, normality in M, and mass in grams. Ensure blank titration volume is greater than sample titration volume for valid results.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical SV range for common oils?
A: Coconut oil (250-265), Olive oil (184-196), Palm oil (190-209), Soybean oil (189-195).

Q2: Why use 56.1 in the formula?
A: This is the molecular weight of KOH (56.1 g/mol), which converts the result to mg KOH per gram of sample.

Q3: What affects saponification value?
A: Fatty acid chain length - shorter chains have higher SV as they require more KOH per gram.

Q4: How does SV relate to soap making?
A: Higher SV means more alkali is needed for complete saponification when making soap.

Q5: Can SV detect adulteration?
A: Yes, significant deviation from expected SV may indicate adulteration with other oils/fats.